沈阳浑河冲洪积扇土壤的重金属空间分布特征及来源

以沈阳市浑河冲洪积扇下游的彰驿站镇为研究区,实测分析了98个土壤表层(0~20 cm)样品中的w(Cr)、w(Cu)、w(Mn)、w(Ni)、w(Pb)、w(Zn)、w(Fe)、w(Hg)、w(As)和w(Cd),运用地统计学空间分析与多元统计源分析相结合的方法,对土壤中各重金属的质量分数、分布特征及其来源进行研究. 结果表明:除w(As)外,其余重金属的质量分数均超过辽宁省土壤中相应重金属的背景值,其中Hg和Cd积累最为显著,w(Hg)和w(Cd)分别是其相应背景值的2.33和5.44倍,对应的采样点中高于背景值的比例均接近100%,呈明显累积趋势. 地统计学空间分析表明,w(Ni)、w(Cr)和w(Fe)受土壤母质、地形等结构性变异主导,其他重金属质量分数主要受人为活动等随机因子的影响,w(Cu)、w(Pb)、w(Zn)、w(Hg)和w(Cd)分布规律比较相似,元素来源较为集中;10种重金属元素的来源可分为3类,其中Cr、Ni、Fe和Mn主要受自然因素的影响,Pb、Zn、Hg和Cd主要受人为因素的影响,而Cu和As受2种因素的协同影响.      

转炉二次烟气除尘变工况及风机调速

根据转炉二次烟气除尘风量随冶炼周期变化的特征,利用工艺设备工况特征信号控制各除尘阀门的开闭,并根据各个除尘分支管道工况的变化,确定系统在不同工作点的总阻力、风量和风机转速,达到自动控制风机调速,节约电能的目的。     

除尘风机磨损的数值分析:叶型和粒度分布的影响

采用CFD技术,基于RNGk-ε紊流模型和磨损模型,研究了不同叶型除尘风机的流场和磨损率,证实了后倾型叶片比直叶片能优化流场,改善磨损,使风机使用寿命延长5倍。计算了一定粒度分布的粒子对后倾叶片中的磨损率。结果表明,颗粒粒径和数量浓度的大小是决定磨损程度的重要因素。因此去除大粒径粉尘、降低小粒径粉尘的数量浓度,是减轻叶片磨损的重要途径之一,更是除尘设备的工作方向。     

基于FDS模拟的动车车厢火灾烟气迁移特性研究

运用FDS软件大涡模拟,建立动车组列车两列车厢的火灾模型。研究多火源和单火源情况下,不同风机排风速度对烟气在列车车厢内蔓延以及烟气层高度的影响。结果表明:多火源情况下,当风机排风速率较小(2.5m/s)时,风机在排烟的同时也在一定程度上助长了烟气的蔓延,导致烟区面积扩大,不利于车厢内人员疏散;而当风机风速较大(5.0m/s)时,烟气的横向蔓延会受到明显的抑制。单火源情况下,风机排风速率越大,烟气层高度越高,车厢内温度越低,此时应保持车厢间的连接处畅通,便于人员从临近车厢疏散。     

多功能矿井风流调控设施的研究与应用

为了解决因行人、运输较频繁或易受爆破冲击波影响等而导致传统风流调控设施使用受制约的难题,通过分别对单、多机阻隔、增阻、引射型矿用空气幕模型进行理论推导与分析,提出应用多功能的空气幕来替代传统风流调控设施。针对某矿山通风系统存在的风流短路、有效风量率低、冬季井筒结冰等问题,拟采用多功能空气幕来建立柔性风门、风窗,并应用矿井通风系统优化软件中风机选型功能,将初步选定的空气幕经数字化处理后,优选出使用效果最佳空气幕型号、布置方式、安装位置,从而有效、可靠的对井下风流进行调控。应用结果表明:井筒结冰与风流短路等现象得到了有效、稳定的控制,通风效果得到了明显的提高,为可持续化安全生产提供了保障。     

瓦斯积聚量及爆炸距离对风机和防爆门的影响研究*

为揭示瓦斯积聚量及瓦斯爆炸距离对风机和防爆门的影响机制，利用Fluent模拟软件，结合宁煤集团羊场湾矿的实际情况，在构建三维数学物理模型的基础上，开展不同瓦斯积聚量（56.52，113.04，169.56，226.08 m3）和不同爆炸距离（20，30，50，70 m）条件下的模拟研究。研究结果表明:风机和防爆门处超压峰值随瓦斯积聚量增加而增加，均呈线性关系，瓦斯积聚量为56.52 m3时风机处超压峰值为0.260 MPa，小于风机破坏荷载0.306 MPa；考虑安全系数前提下，当瓦斯积聚量超过56.52 m3时防爆门应开启保护风机；在确定瓦斯积聚量为56.52 m3基础上，分析不同爆炸距离对风机和防爆门影响，由模拟结果可知，风机和防爆门处超压峰值随爆炸距离增加而降低，均呈幂函数关系。研究成果可为瓦斯爆炸对风机和防爆门的影响研究提供指导。     

FGD无旁路情况下增压风机故障触发锅炉RB功能的应用

根据国家环保部“十二五”规划，持续推进污染物总量减排工作，燃煤发电机组将取消旁路，对无脱硫旁路挡板的机组，脱硫系统（ FGD）增压风机故障后为避免机组产生非停，而触发快速减负荷（ RB）功能，指出在触发RB功能的同时应该注意的事项和应采取的技术措施；对于防止机组非正常停机、提高电网稳定性具有重要意义。     

Potential Impacts of Stormwater Runoff on Water Quality in Urban Sand Pits and Adjacent Groundwater1

Whittemore, Donald O., 2012. Potential Impacts of Stormwater Runoff on Water Quality in Urban Sand Pits and Adjacent Groundwater. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(3): 584-602. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00637.x Abstract: Entrance of stormwater runoff into water-filled pits and adjacent aquifers is a contamination concern. The water and sediment quality in several sand pits and surrounding groundwater in Wichita, Kansas, were studied to comprehensively address stormwater runoff impact. The pits are used for residential development after sand and gravel mining. Water samples were analyzed for inorganic constituents, bacteria, and 252 organic compounds, and pit sediments for inorganic components and 32 organic chemicals. Although many pesticide and degradate compounds were found in the pit and well waters, none of these chemicals exceeded existing health levels. Other organic contaminants were detected in the waters, with those exceeding health levels at one site attributed to an undiscovered groundwater contamination plume and not to stormwater runoff. Persistent insecticides and polychlorinated biphenyls detected in sediment of two pits are related to the age of residential development. The concentration distributions of pesticides and other organics at most of the sites, as well as iron, manganese, and ammonia patterns in downgradient well waters relative to upgradient well and pit waters, indicate that groundwater quality at the sites is affected by contaminants entering the pit surface waters. Thus, although current stormwater runoff does not appear to have contaminated sand-pit water and adjacent groundwater above health levels, the data show that the potential exists if stormwater became polluted.     

浅谈锅炉风机噪声的治理

结合工作实际阐述了锅炉风机噪声产生的主要原因。提出了在不同条件下锅炉风机噪声治理措施和应注意的问题。     

Hydrochemical and multivariate statistical interpretations of spatial controls of nitrate concentrations in a shallow alluvial aquifer around oxbow lakes (Osong area, central Korea)

Hydrochemical and multivariate statistical interpretations of 16 physicochemical parameters of 45 groundwater samples from a riverside alluvial aquifer underneath an agricultural area in Osong, central Korea, were performed in this study to understand the spatial controls of nitrate concentrations in terms of biogeochemical processes occurring near oxbow lakes within a fluvial plain. Nitrate concentrations in groundwater showed a large variability from 0.1 to 190.6 mg/L (mean = 35.0 mg/L) with significantly lower values near oxbow lakes. The evaluation of hydrochemical data indicated that the groundwater chemistry (especially, degree of nitrate contamination) is mainly controlled by two competing processes: 1) agricultural contamination and 2) redox processes. In addition, results of factorial kriging, consisting of two steps (i.e., co-regionalization and factor analysis), reliably showed a spatial control of the concentrations of nitrate and other redox-sensitive species; in particular, significant denitrification was observed restrictedly near oxbow lakes. The results of this study indicate that sub-oxic conditions in an alluvial groundwater system are developed geologically and geochemically in and near oxbow lakes, which can effectively enhance the natural attenuation of nitrate before the groundwater discharges to nearby streams. This study also demonstrates the usefulness of multivariate statistical analysis in groundwater study as a supplementary tool for interpretation of complex hydrochemical data sets.